Which of the following is a sign of heat cramps?

• A. Moist, warm skin
• B. Muscle contractions
• C. Nausea or vomiting
• D. Dry skin

Answer: (B)

When heat-related cramps occur, the defining sign is sudden, painful muscle contractions—usually in the calves, thighs, or abdomen—that happen during or after heavy exercise in hot conditions. This results from a combination of dehydration and electrolyte loss from sweating, which affects muscle function and leads to those involuntary cramps.

Other options don’t capture the main feature of heat cramps. Muscle contractions are the core symptom, whereas skin condition (moist and sweating or dry), or symptoms like nausea, can appear with other heat illnesses but aren’t the hallmark of cramps themselves.

If a cramp happens, stop activity, move to a cooler place, and drink fluids with electrolytes. Gently stretch and massage the affected muscle. If cramps don’t subside with rest and fluids, or if there are warning signs like dizziness, confusion, or fainting, seek medical attention.