Which injuries does this protocol apply to?

• A. Jellyfish stings
• B. Stingray, sea urchin, or spiny fish injuries
• C. Coral scrapes
• D. Bites from dogs

Answer: (B)

Injuries from stingrays, sea urchins, or spiny fish involve penetrating spines and venom, so the protocol is focused on removing embedded spines, irrigating to reduce contamination, and using methods like hot-water immersion to help neutralize venom and relieve pain. Careful spine removal is essential because retained spines can cause ongoing pain, inflammation, or infection. The hot-water treatment (as hot as the person can tolerate, typically around 42–45°C) helps to denature venom and provide relief, followed by proper wound care and monitoring for signs of infection.

This approach isn’t the same as what’s used for jellyfish stings, coral scrapes, or dog bites, which have different mechanisms and guidance. Jellyfish stings are often treated with vinegar and tentacle removal, coral scrapes require thorough cleaning and monitoring for infection, and dog bites call for detailed wound care, tetanus assessment, and sometimes antibiotics. So the protocol described is best suited for stingray, sea urchin, or spiny fish injuries due to their venom and embedded spines.